110 Fun Facts About Women's Suffrage

Which was the first self-governing country to grant women the vote at national level, in 1893?

New Zealand's premier, Richard Seddon, tried to sink the bill, but his meddling so angered two councillors that they switched sides and it passed by 20 votes to 18.

Which US territory gave women the vote and the right to stand for office in 1869?

Wyoming's all-male legislature wanted publicity and hoped the law would draw women to a territory where men outnumbered them about six to one. It kept the right on becoming a state in 1890.

Which Seneca Falls newspaper editor gave her name to the loose trousers worn by 1850s dress reformers?

Amelia Bloomer didn't invent bloomers: Elizabeth Smith Miller designed the outfit, and Bloomer's paper The Lily made it famous. In 1851 she also introduced Susan B. Anthony to Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

Which famous abolitionist spoke up at Seneca Falls to keep the demand for the vote in the Declaration of Sentiments?

Frederick Douglass and Elizabeth Cady Stanton both spoke in its defence, and the demand passed, the only one of the convention's resolutions not carried unanimously.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton modelled the Declaration of Sentiments, signed at Seneca Falls, on which famous document?

The Declaration of Independence. Stanton kept its phrasing but wrote that 'all men and women are created equal' and charged man, not a king, with tyranny; 68 women and 32 men signed it.

Where did Elizabeth Cady Stanton first meet Lucretia Mott?

The 1840 anti-slavery convention in London refused to seat Mott and the other women delegates, and Stanton later recalled that the two resolved that day to hold a women's rights convention back home.

Susan B. Anthony was arrested in 1872 in which city for the crime of voting?

Rochester, New York, was Anthony's home, where she talked election inspectors into registering her. Fined $100 at her trial, she refused to pay, and the case was carried no further.

Which Montanan became the first woman elected to Congress in 1916, four years before the Nineteenth Amendment?

Jeannette Rankin had helped lead the campaign that won Montana women the vote in 1914. In Congress she voted against war with Germany in 1917 and cast the only vote against war with Japan in 1941.

Susan B. Anthony became the first real woman on a circulating US coin when her portrait appeared on what in 1979?

The dollar coin flopped because it was almost the size and colour of a quarter, so people kept confusing the two, and the Mint suspended production after 1981.

Why did Stanton and Anthony oppose the Fifteenth Amendment?

It enfranchised Black men but not women, and the quarrel over whether to back it anyway split the movement into two rival associations that did not reunite until 1890.

Which suffragist, leader of the wing that rivalled Stanton and Anthony's, kept her own surname after marrying in 1855?

Lucy Stone kept her name when she married Henry Blackwell as a protest against the laws that bound wives, and women who followed her example came to be called 'Lucy Stoners'.

Which formerly enslaved speaker gave the 1851 Ohio convention speech later titled "Ain't I a Woman?"?

Sojourner Truth probably never said the famous line: the version with that refrain was published 12 years later by Frances Gage, and the report printed weeks after the speech in Akron does not contain it.

Alice Paul staged a huge suffrage parade in Washington on 3 March 1913, the day before what event?

Woodrow Wilson's inauguration had filled the city with visitors, which is why Paul chose the date. Spectators mobbed the marchers until cavalry troops arrived to clear the avenue.

The Silent Sentinels' picket, begun in January 1917, was organised by Alice Paul and which militant suffrage organisation?

The National Woman's Party grew out of the group Paul and Lucy Burns formed after breaking with the mainstream movement. Its pickets stood outside the White House day after day, whatever the weather.

Which suffragist was nominated for US president in 1872, almost half a century before women could vote nationwide?

Victoria Woodhull ran on the Equal Rights Party ticket but spent election day in a jail cell, arrested over a scandal she had printed in her own newspaper.

Where were many suffrage pickets arrested in Washington in 1917 sent to serve their sentences?

The Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia took pickets jailed for 'obstructing traffic'. Faced with worm-ridden food, they demanded to be treated as political prisoners, and many went on hunger strike.

By what name is 14 November 1917 remembered, when prison guards beat the jailed White House pickets?

The Night of Terror left Lucy Burns with her hands shackled above her head until morning, and Dorothy Day, later famous as a Catholic activist, was among the women the guards threw into the cells.

Banners carried by White House pickets in 1917 provoked mob attacks by giving the president what mocking nickname?

Kaiser Wilson banners asked why the president pitied Germans who were not self-governed when 20 million American women were not either. With the country at war with the Kaiser, crowds tore them down.

At Washington's 1913 suffrage parade, where was Ida B. Wells told to march?

At the back, in a separate delegation, was the request, made for fear of offending Southern marchers. Wells refused, waited in the crowd and stepped into the Illinois ranks as they passed.

Which Chicago organisation did Ida B. Wells co-found in January 1913 to advance the vote for Black women?

The Alpha Suffrage Club canvassed Chicago's Black neighbourhoods after Illinois women won the vote in 1913, and the voters it mobilised helped make Oscar De Priest the city's first Black alderman.

Which state sent a courier by train to Washington in June 1919 so its ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment was recorded first?

Wisconsin actually voted about an hour after Illinois, but David James, a suffragist's father, left at once with the papers and handed them in at the State Department first.

In the 1920 ratification fight nicknamed the War of the Roses, suffrage supporters wore a rose of which colour?

Yellow roses marked supporters and red roses opponents as both sides lobbied the lawmakers; the young legislator who cast the deciding yes was still wearing red when he did it.

Which state became the decisive 36th to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment, on 18 August 1920?

Tennessee's House ratified with the barest constitutional majority, fifty of its ninety-nine members, after the Speaker switched to yes as a ploy to force another vote and handed suffragists the margin.

In the decisive 1920 state ratification vote, 24-year-old legislator Harry T. Burn switched to yes after receiving a note from whom?

His mother, Febb Burn, had written telling him to 'be a good boy' and vote for ratification. He carried her letter in his pocket and later said a mother's advice is always safest for a boy to follow.

Which annual US observance falls on 26 August, the date the Nineteenth Amendment was certified in 1920?

Women's Equality Day marks the certification, not the deciding state vote eight days earlier. Congress designated it in 1973 after Representative Bella Abzug championed the idea.

Who won the 1920 presidential election, the first held after the Nineteenth Amendment took effect?

Warren G. Harding won, but Charlotte Woodward Pierce, the only woman who signed the 1848 Seneca Falls declaration and lived to see the amendment, was ill on election day and is not known ever to have voted.

Which state was the last of those existing in 1920 to ratify the Nineteenth Amendment, doing so only in 1984?

Mississippi's legislature had rejected the amendment in 1920, so its women first voted under a law their own state refused to endorse. The 1984 vote was symbolic, coming 64 years late.

Which organisation was founded in February 1920 to guide newly enfranchised women?

The League of Women Voters was launched at the suffrage association's Chicago convention to teach women to use the ballot, six months before the amendment was ratified.

Which NAWSA president unveiled the "Winning Plan" in 1916, pairing state campaigns with a drive for a federal amendment?

Carrie Chapman Catt had returned as president the year before. Her plan made a federal amendment the goal and treated every state campaign as a step toward it, and ratification followed four years later.

After 1920 Alice Paul devoted herself to which proposal, first sent to Congress in 1923 and nicknamed for Lucretia Mott?

The Equal Rights Amendment was revised and named by Paul at Seneca Falls in 1923, but Congress did not pass it until 1972, and only 35 of the 38 states needed had ratified it when the 1982 deadline ran out.

During her 1917 hunger strike in the District Jail, Alice Paul was moved to which part of the prison?

The psychiatric ward is where Paul was held after she stopped eating in protest at conditions in the jail, and where guards restrained her and force-fed her through a tube.

Which three-word phrase from Susan B. Anthony's final birthday speech in 1906 became a watchword of the movement?

Failure is impossible closed her remarks at her 86th birthday celebration in Washington. She died less than a month later, 14 years before the amendment she had worked for became law.

The Nineteenth Amendment says the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged "on account of" what?

Sex is the only ground the amendment names. The president came round to it only in 1918, then went to the Senate in person to urge its passage as a necessary war measure.

The word "suffragette" was coined in 1906 by a journalist writing for which newspaper?

The Daily Mail reporter meant the little '-ette' ending as a put-down, but the militants adopted the name and later used it as the title of their own newspaper.

What was the motto of Emmeline Pankhurst's Women's Social and Political Union, founded in 1903?

Deeds, not words marked Pankhurst's break with decades of polite petitioning: her members heckled ministers, chained themselves to railings, smashed windows and went to prison for it.

In the suffragette colour scheme designed by Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence in 1908, what did green stand for?

Hope was green's meaning and purity was white's. Supporters wore the colours as badges and jewellery, and London department stores such as Selfridges stocked them.

Millicent Fawcett led which law-abiding suffragist organisation, the largest in Britain?

The National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies answered the militants in 1913 with a peaceful pilgrimage: its members walked to London from across the country and some 50,000 people rallied in Hyde Park.

In 2018 Millicent Fawcett became the first woman honoured with a statue in which London location?

Parliament Square held statues only of men until campaigner Caroline Criado Perez noticed and started a petition. The Turner Prize winner Gillian Wearing was then chosen to make Fawcett's bronze.

The 1913 "Cat and Mouse Act" allowed British authorities to do what with hunger-striking suffragettes?

Free them to recover, then rearrest them: the government, afraid of hunger strikers dying as martyrs, let weakened prisoners out and hauled them back, like a cat toying with a mouse.

At the 1913 Epsom Derby, Emily Davison stepped onto the track in front of a horse owned by whom?

King George V's horse Anmer struck her and she died four days later. Whether she meant to die or only to fix a suffragette scarf to the bridle is still argued.

Where did Emily Davison hide overnight on census night in 1911?

A cupboard in the Palace of Westminster, off the crypt chapel, hid her through the night, so the 1911 census recorded a woman with no vote as present in the House of Commons.

Which London prison held Emmeline Pankhurst, Emily Davison and many other jailed suffragettes?

Holloway is where Marion Wallace Dunlop began the first suffragette hunger strike in 1909 and was released after 91 hours. Others copied her, and the authorities answered with force-feeding.

Emmeline Pankhurst died in June 1928, only weeks before which change became law?

Votes for women at 21, the same terms as men, became law on 2 July 1928, eighteen days after she died. It added about five million voters and made women a majority of the electorate.

British women over 30 first won the vote in the final year of which war?

The First World War was still being fought when the act passed in February 1918. It enfranchised more than eight million women, those over 30 who met a property test, and that December they voted in a general election for the first time.

In her final years Emmeline Pankhurst was selected as a parliamentary candidate for which party?

The Conservatives adopted her as a candidate in London's East End, a long way from the Independent Labour Party she had once joined. She died before the election could be held.

After a 1913 family rift, Emmeline Pankhurst gave which daughter £20 and a ticket and insisted she emigrate to Australia?

Adela helped found the Communist Party of Australia, later turned against it and joined the far-right Australia First Movement. She and her mother were never reconciled.

In March 1914 suffragette Mary Richardson slashed which Velázquez painting in the National Gallery?

The Rokeby Venus took seven cuts before she was seized. She called it a protest at the Government's treatment of Mrs Pankhurst, arrested the day before, and the canvas was later restored and put back on display.

Which fighting skill did Edith Garrud teach the suffragettes who guarded their leaders from the police?

Jiu-jitsu turns an attacker's force against him, which suited the tiny Garrud. Punch drew her facing a row of policemen as 'the suffragette that knew jiu-jitsu'.

Emmeline Pankhurst was born in 1858 in which English city?

Manchester was also where she founded the WSPU, inviting a few women to her house in Nelson Street in 1903. The house is now the Pankhurst Centre, a museum of the campaign.

Which Virginia-born politician became the first woman to take her seat in Britain's House of Commons, in 1919?

Nancy Astor had taken no part in the suffrage campaign. The first woman actually elected, Constance Markievicz of Sinn Féin, had won a seat in 1918 but refused to take it.

Which country became the first in Europe to give women the vote, in 1906?

Finland, then a Grand Duchy under the Russian tsar, also let women stand for office, and its first election under the new law, in 1907, returned 19 women, the first female members of any parliament.

Which of these countries was the last to give women the vote, holding out until 1944?

France's deputies voted for it again and again between the wars, but the Senate never let the bills through. De Gaulle's French Committee of National Liberation finally granted it by ordinance in April 1944.

Which European country did not let women vote in national elections until 1971?

Switzerland's male voters rejected the idea two to one in 1959 before approving it in 1971, and the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden kept women out of local votes until a court forced it to yield in 1990.

Which tiny European state was the last on the continent to let women vote in national elections, in 1984?

Liechtenstein's men had said no in 1971 and 1973, and in 1984 they said yes by just 119 votes, 2,370 to 2,251.

In 2015, women in which country voted for the first time, in municipal elections?

Saudi Arabia's late King Abdullah had ordered the change, and women stood as candidates too, but they still had to be driven to the polls: the kingdom then barred women from taking the wheel.

Which colony in 1894 gave women both the vote and the right to stand for its parliament?

South Australia gave women the right to stand almost by accident: an opponent moved to let them sit in parliament, expecting that to sink the bill, and it passed anyway.

In which Disney musical does a mother sing the anthem "Sister Suffragette"?

Mary Poppins has Glynis Johns as Mrs Banks, an ardent suffragette too busy with the cause to see that her children, passed from one nanny to another, are unhappy.

Which philosopher and Liberal MP urged the Commons in 1867 to give women the vote on the same terms as men?

John Stuart Mill had been elected two years earlier openly backing votes for women. His amendment was voted down, he lost his seat in 1868 and he published The Subjection of Women the year after.

Which US state allowed property-owning women to vote from 1776 until 1807?

New Jersey's 1776 constitution gave the vote to 'all inhabitants' worth fifty pounds, so single women with property could and did vote, until an 1807 law limited the ballot to white men who paid taxes.

Which self-governing British island gave women property owners the vote in 1881, decades ahead of the United Kingdom?

The Isle of Man's parliament, Tynwald, opened its elections to women who owned property, which in practice meant the unmarried and widowed, because the law still left out married women.

Which future First Lady urged her husband in a March 1776 letter to remember the ladies when drafting new laws?

Abigail Adams warned that women were determined to foment a rebellion if no care was paid to them. She added that they would not be bound by laws in which they had no voice.

Which English writer, whose daughter wrote Frankenstein, published A Vindication of the Rights of Woman in 1792?

Mary Wollstonecraft died just 11 days after giving birth to the future Mary Shelley, so the two writers never knew each other. Her book argued that women only seemed inferior because they were denied schooling.

The plan for the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention was hatched by five women at what kind of gathering?

A tea party at Jane Hunt's home in nearby Waterloo turned into a planning session on 9 July, and the convention opened only ten days later. Its declaration was drafted at another tea table that week.

Which president pardoned the election inspectors who were jailed for letting Susan B. Anthony vote in 1872?

Ulysses S. Grant freed the men in March 1874 after they refused to pay their fines, and local voters re-elected them to their offices that same day.

Which British monarch privately condemned the campaign for women's rights as a folly that must be checked?

Queen Victoria was 33 years into her own reign when she urged a friend, in an 1870 letter, to enlist everyone who could speak or write against the cause.

Which two-time Oscar winner played suffrage leader Alice Paul in the 2004 HBO film Iron Jawed Angels?

Hilary Swank led a cast that included Anjelica Huston and Julia Ormond. The drama follows the women who picketed the White House in 1917 all the way into jail.

Which women mostly could not vote in the 1920 US election because Congress only made them citizens in 1924?

Native Americans born in the country were declared citizens by a 1924 act, yet voting was governed by state law and some states kept them from the polls for decades more.

Which former radio actress campaigned for the 1947 law that gave Argentine women the national vote?

Eva Perón pressed the case in radio addresses and newspaper articles, then founded the Female Peronist Party, the first large-scale women's political party in Argentina.

Women in which occupied country first voted in April 1946, electing 39 of their own to parliament?

Japan sent 39 women to its parliament at the first attempt, a total that no later election there matched until 2005.

Schoolteacher Seraph Young cast the first ballot under an equal suffrage law in which territory in February 1870?

Utah's law was only two days old when the 23-year-old, a grandniece of Brigham Young, voted in Salt Lake City's municipal election on 14 February 1870.

Frances Willard argued that women needed the ballot to protect their homes while leading a crusade against what?

Alcohol was the target of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, which Willard led from 1879 until her death in 1898. Her Home Protection campaign cast the ballot as a way for women to defend their homes from drink.

The Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 was organised by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and local women of which faith?

The Quakers had let women preach in public since the 1660s, which made Lucretia Mott a rarity in 1848: a woman already famous as an orator.

Which 1965 law outlawed the literacy tests that had kept many Black women in the South from the polls?

The Voting Rights Act came 45 years after the Nineteenth Amendment, whose promise Southern states had blunted with poll taxes and literacy tests.

A 2020 monument to three suffrage pioneers became the first statue of real women in which Manhattan landmark?

Central Park's only female figures until then were fictional ones, such as Alice from Alice in Wonderland and Shakespeare's Juliet.

Which Rocky Mountain state became the first to give women the vote through a referendum of its male voters, in 1893?

Colorado's men had voted the idea down in 1877, but sixteen years later they made theirs only the second state where women could vote.

Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton launched which weekly women's rights newspaper in January 1868?

The Revolution was first funded by George Francis Train, a businessman whose views on race alienated many of the editors' allies. When the paper failed, Anthony took on its $10,000 debt and paid it off by lecturing.

Which lawyer on a white horse led the 1913 suffrage procession in Washington, then died on a 1916 speaking tour?

Inez Milholland collapsed in the middle of a speech in Los Angeles in October 1916 and died a month later, aged 30. Her doctors and family had urged her not to make the tour.

Which Oberlin graduate became the first president of the National Association of Colored Women in 1896?

Mary Church Terrell was in her eighties when she walked into a segregated Washington restaurant, was refused service and took the fight to court. In 1953 the Supreme Court ruled segregated eating places in the capital illegal.

Which 1895 bestseller by Elizabeth Cady Stanton was formally denounced by her own suffrage association a year later?

The Woman's Bible attacked the use of scripture to keep women subordinate. Younger suffragists voted to disown it at their 1896 convention, though Susan B. Anthony tried to talk them out of it.

Which Secretary of Labor, appointed in 1933, was the first woman ever to serve in a US presidential cabinet?

Frances Perkins stayed for all twelve years of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency, longer than anyone else has held the job, and shaped the 1935 plan for social security.

Which widow of a governor became the first woman to govern a US state when she took office in January 1925?

Nellie Tayloe Ross later became the first woman to run the United States Mint, a job she kept for twenty years under three presidents.

Under which English common-law doctrine was a married woman's legal existence merged with that of her husband?

Coverture left a wife unable to own property or sign a contract in her own name, rights that an unmarried woman, known in law as a feme sole, did have.

Which suffragist's portrait replaced that of Queen Elizabeth II on her country's $10 banknote in the early 1990s?

Kate Sheppard organised an 1893 petition of about 30,000 signatures, and before that year was out the women of her country could vote in a national election.

Which Nordic country's parliament, the Storting, voted unanimously in 1913 to give all women the national vote?

Norway had moved in steps: better-off women could vote for parliament from 1907, and every woman could vote in local elections from 1910.

Women in which country first voted in January 1919, electing an assembly to write a new constitution?

Germany lowered its voting age from 25 to 20 at the same stroke, so women and the young made a large share of the electorate first-time voters.

Women in which country won the right to vote and stand for parliament in 1934, eleven years after it became a republic?

Turkey held a general election only two months later, in February 1935, and 17 women took seats in the Grand National Assembly.

Which Gulf state's parliament voted in May 2005 to let women vote and run for office?

Kuwait saw four women win seats in its fifty-member parliament four years later, in the general election of May 2009.

Clara Campoamor sat in the 1931 assembly that gave women the vote in which country, before she could vote herself?

Spain's Second Republic let women stand for election before it let them vote, so Campoamor won a seat for Madrid and argued the case from the inside.

After Nellie McClung's mock parliament satire, which Canadian province became the first to give women the vote in 1916?

Manitoba's premier had turned the women down in 1914, so McClung played him on stage the next day and turned his own arguments into comedy.

In the 1929 Persons Case, won by Canada's Famous Five, judges ruled that women were eligible to sit in which body?

The Senate opened to women only after the five appealed to the Privy Council, because Canada's own top court had ruled that women were not qualified persons.

Which remote Pacific island, settled by the Bounty mutineers, gave its women the vote as early as 1838?

Pitcairn dates both its status as a British colony and its votes for women to 30 November 1838. Its people descend from nine of the mutineers and twelve Tahitian women.

Which playwright, guillotined in 1793, had answered the Rights of Man with a Declaration of the Rights of Woman?

Olympe de Gouges published her declaration in 1791. She was arrested and executed two years later, after her writings attacked Robespierre's faction and the revolutionary government.

Which Irish countess won a seat in 1918 as the first woman elected to Britain's Parliament but never sat in it?

Constance Markievicz was in prison on polling day and, as a Sinn Féin member, refused her seat. She had been sentenced to death after the 1916 Easter Rising and spared because she was a woman.

Physician Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, elder sister of suffragist Millicent Fawcett, won which civic office in 1908?

Mayor of Aldeburgh, her seaside home town, was one more first in Britain for a woman who had already helped found a medical school for women and become its dean.

Which singer recorded Suffragette City himself in 1972 after the band Mott the Hoople turned the song down?

David Bowie gave Mott the Hoople All the Young Dudes instead. He put the rejected song on the B-side of Starman and on his Ziggy Stardust album.

What nickname stuck to the February 1907 suffrage procession in which 3,000 women marched from Hyde Park Corner?

The Mud March was named for the heavy rain that left the marchers drenched and spattered. It made large, peaceful processions a regular feature of the campaign.

Which lawyer, the first woman admitted to the US Supreme Court bar, ran for president in 1884 and 1888?

Belva Lockwood was the first woman to appear on official ballots for the presidency. In 1880 she also became the first woman lawyer to argue a case before the justices.

Which socialite, once married to a Vanderbilt, co-founded the party that picketed the White House in 1917?

Alva Belmont was later elected the party's president, an office she held until her death. She had also sheltered Christabel Pankhurst when the British campaigner fled England.

Which American actress made a brief appearance as Emmeline Pankhurst in the 2015 British film Suffragette?

Meryl Streep took the cameo while the story followed Carey Mulligan as Maud Watts, a 24-year-old laundry worker drawn into the movement in 1912.

What name was given to 18 November 1910, when police and bystanders attacked 300 suffragettes marching on Parliament?

Black Friday saw the women attacked for six hours outside the Houses of Parliament. Police arrested 115 of them, then dropped every charge the next day.

In January 1908, suffragettes Edith New and Olivia Smith chained themselves to the railings of which London building?

10 Downing Street was the scene of a planned diversion: while police dealt with the chains, two other suffragettes tried to slip inside the building.

Before the 1913 Cat and Mouse Act, how did British prisons deal with suffragettes who went on hunger strike?

Force-feeding was the official answer to a campaign that Marion Wallace Dunlop began in July 1909, when she became the first suffragette to refuse food in jail.

Which future prime minister did suffragette Theresa Garnett attack with a dog whip at a Bristol railway station in 1909?

Winston Churchill, then a government minister, did not press charges for the assault. Garnett was jailed for a month for disturbing the peace.

Which composer of The March of the Women once conducted the suffragette anthem with a toothbrush from a prison window?

Ethel Smyth was in jail for smashing a cabinet minister's window when the conductor Thomas Beecham came to visit and found her leading the singing in the yard below.

Which former cotton-mill worker, in the mills from the age of ten, became a leading working-class figure in the WSPU?

Annie Kenney stayed at the mill for 15 years. In 1905 she and Christabel Pankhurst were jailed for several days after interrupting a Liberal rally to ask about votes for women.

Which daughter of the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire joined the WSPU and refused to pay taxes without the vote?

Sophia Duleep Singh lived at Hampton Court in a grace-and-favour home from the crown, and her tax revolt is said to have left the king asking whether there was no hold on her.

In 1909, suffragettes Daisy Solomon and Elspeth McClelland tried to reach the prime minister by sending themselves how?

By express post was a legal route, because Post Office rules then let a person be sent with an express messenger. The prime minister's staff refused to accept the delivery.

Which Chancellor of the Exchequer's house, Pinfold Manor, was damaged by a suffragette bomb in February 1913?

David Lloyd George was not at home: of two bombs planted, only one went off, shortly before workmen were due to arrive at the building.

Which viceroy's daughter posed as a seamstress called Jane Warton to avoid special treatment in a Liverpool jail?

Constance Lytton was jailed four times for the cause, and she took the alias because her brother sat in the House of Lords and her family name brought privileges.

Which physician and Methodist minister served as president of NAWSA for eleven years from 1904?

Anna Howard Shaw was born in Newcastle upon Tyne in England, and she was one of the first women ordained as a Methodist minister in the United States.